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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

295
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
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Polymyxins: recent advances and challenges.

Shan Yang1, Hairui Wang2, Dan Zhao1

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|July 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymyxins are crucial last-resort antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. This review examines their mechanisms, resistance, and pharmacokinetics to guide future antimicrobial development.

Keywords:
antibacterial mechanismdrug resistance mechanismsnanotechnologypharmacokineticspolymyxins

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat.
  • Polymyxins, particularly colistin, are vital last-resort treatments for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections.
  • Understanding polymyxin resistance mechanisms and pharmacology is critical for sustained efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review polymyxin antibacterial mechanisms and resistance pathways.
  • To explore innovative strategies for overcoming polymyxin resistance.
  • To investigate polymyxin pharmacokinetics and factors influencing in vivo behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on polymyxins.
  • Analysis of antibacterial mechanisms and resistance pathways.
  • Examination of pharmacokinetic data and in vivo studies.

Main Results:

  • Polymyxins exhibit complex resistance mechanisms.
  • Various strategies are being developed to combat polymyxin resistance.
  • Pharmacokinetic variability impacts polymyxin efficacy and toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of polymyxins is essential for combating resistant bacterial infections.
  • Further research is needed to optimize polymyxin use and develop new agents.
  • Advancing polymyxin research is crucial for addressing future antimicrobial challenges.