Gonorrhea cluster detection in Manitoba, Canada: Spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal analysis

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Spatial Analysis

Background:

• Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted infection in Canada.
• Manitoba's 2018 incidence rate was triple the national average.
• Understanding infection patterns is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal patterns of Gonorrhea infection in Manitoba.
• To identify high-risk geographic areas and time periods for Gonorrhea transmission.
• To inform public health strategies for prevention and control.

Main Methods:

• Utilized individual-level, laboratory-confirmed administrative data from Manitoba Health (2000-2016).
• Employed spatial autocorrelation analysis across 96 regional health authority districts.
• Conducted temporal and spatio-temporal cluster analysis.

Main Results:

• Identified significant clustering of Gonorrhea infections, particularly in northern Manitoba and central Winnipeg.
• Observed seasonal trends with increased infections in late summer and fall.
• Detected spatio-temporal clusters, including a major one in northern Manitoba (2006-2014) and a secondary one in central Winnipeg (2004-2012).
• Noted higher infection rates in females at younger ages and a rise in repeat infections (16% in 2016).

Conclusions:

• Gonorrhea transmission in Manitoba exhibits significant spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal variations.
• Findings highlight the need for localized prevention and control measures.
• Data supports targeted public health interventions and resource allocation in identified high-risk clusters.