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Rice breeding for low input agriculture.

Subroto Das Jyoti1, Gurjeet Singh2, Anjan Kumar Pradhan2

  • 1Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|July 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Developing low-input rice varieties is crucial for sustainable agriculture. Integrated breeding approaches using genomics can enhance traits like seedling vigor and nutrient use efficiency for improved performance in low-input farming systems.

Keywords:
genomic selectiongenomicshigh-throughput phenotypinglow-input agricultureorganic ricesustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Breeding
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Modern agriculture faces environmental challenges; low-input farming systems offer a sustainable alternative.
  • Modern crop varieties often lack adaptation to low-input conditions, necessitating targeted breeding.
  • Rice, a global staple, requires enhanced performance under minimal resource input to mitigate environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on traits beneficial for low-input rice cultivation.
  • To explore genomics-based breeding strategies for developing suitable rice cultivars for sustainable farming.
  • To identify key genes and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for improving rice under low-input conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on low-input agriculture and rice breeding.
  • Analysis of traits crucial for yield maintenance under minimal inputs (e.g., seedling vigor, root architecture).
  • Examination of omics technologies and integrated breeding approaches for trait enhancement.

Main Results:

  • Low-input systems require specific traits like enhanced seedling vigor and efficient nutrient uptake/utilization.
  • Genes/QTLs controlling nutrient use efficiency and root morphology are critical targets for breeding.
  • Omics technologies offer powerful tools for accelerating the improvement of multiple traits simultaneously.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated breeding strategies incorporating genomics are essential for developing high-performing, low-input rice varieties.
  • Focusing on traits like nutrient use efficiency and root architecture will enhance rice sustainability.
  • Genomics-assisted breeding provides a pathway to rapidly improve rice cultivars for sustainable, low-input farming practices.