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Exploring In-Session Engagement in Equine-Assisted Services for Children and Youth Experiencing Disability: A Scoping

Lena M Aewerdieck1, Rachelle A Martin1, Fiona P Graham1

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|July 8, 2024
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Children and youth engagement in equine-assisted services (EAS) is influenced by the environment, the horse-child bond, and the provider-child relationship. Further research is needed on the relational triad and engagement strategies.

Keywords:
adolescentinvolvementpediatricstherapeutic horse riding

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Therapy
  • Animal-Assisted Interventions
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Equine-assisted services (EAS) are increasingly utilized for therapeutic benefits in children and youth.
  • Understanding factors influencing engagement is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes.
  • Limited research specifically addresses engagement dynamics within EAS for pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize existing evidence on children and youth engagement during equine-assisted services (EAS).
  • To identify key mechanisms influencing engagement in EAS.
  • To highlight gaps in the current literature regarding engagement in EAS.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across five major databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE).
  • Inclusion criteria focused on studies involving children and youth in EAS with findings on engagement, motivation, involvement, or participation.
  • Data extraction and descriptive summarization, followed by inductive content analysis of engagement mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Thirty studies were identified, with only three focusing primarily on rider engagement.
  • In-session engagement was often discussed within broader service descriptions or results sections.
  • Three primary mechanisms influencing engagement were identified: the EAS environment, the horse-child relationship, and the provider-child relationship.
  • The horse-child relationship was most frequently cited as the key engagement factor.

Conclusions:

  • The horse-child relationship is a significant driver of engagement in EAS for children and youth.
  • The influence of service providers, parents, and child preferences on engagement requires more attention.
  • Further investigation into the child/youth-parent-provider relational triad and specific engagement-enhancing strategies is warranted.