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Related Concept Videos

Ethers to Alkyl Halides: Acidic Cleavage02:18

Ethers to Alkyl Halides: Acidic Cleavage

Ethers are generally unreactive and unsuitable for direct nucleophilic substitution reactions since the alkoxy groups are strong bases and, therefore, poor leaving groups. However, ethers readily undergo acidic-cleavage reactions. Ethers can be converted to alkyl halides when heated with strong acids such as HBr and HI in a sequence of two substitution reactions.
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage02:01

Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage

Alkynes undergo oxidative cleavage in the presence of oxidizing reagents like potassium permanganate and ozone. The triple bond — one σ bond and two π bonds — is completely cleaved, and the alkyne is oxidized to carboxylic acids. When warm and basic aqueous potassium permanganate is used as an oxidizing agent, alkynes are first converted to carboxylate salts via an unstable α-diketone intermediate. Further, a mild acid treatment protonates the carboxylate anions generating free carboxylic acid...
Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkenes: Wittig Reaction Overview01:19

Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkenes: Wittig Reaction Overview

The Wittig reaction is the conversion of carbonyl compounds-aldehydes and ketones-to alkenes using phosphorus ylides, or the Wittig reagent. The reaction was pioneered by Prof. Georg Wittig, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Metal-free Synthesis of Ynones from Acyl Chlorides and Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts
09:58

Metal-free Synthesis of Ynones from Acyl Chlorides and Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts

Published on: February 24, 2015

Reply to Y. Xia et al

Sebastian Bauer1, Jonathan A Fletcher1, Daniel Rauh1

  • 1Sebastian Bauer, MD, Department of Medical Oncology and Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Essen, Germany, DKTK Partner Site Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Jonathan A. Fletcher, MD, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Daniel Rauh, PhD, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Dortmund, Germany; Johanna Falkenhorst, MD, Department of Medical Oncology and Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Essen, Germany, DKTK Partner Site Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; and Thomas Mühlenberg, PhD, Department of Medical Oncology and Sarcoma Center, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Essen, Germany, DKTK Partner Site Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|July 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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