Informative Subtyping of Patients with Sepsis.

Area of Science:

• * Immunology
• * Critical Care Medicine
• * Computational Biology

Background:

• * Sepsis pathobiology is complex and exhibits significant heterogeneity.
• * Current sepsis subtypes lack shared features across studies, hindering progress.
• * Precision immunomodulation for sepsis requires identification of distinct immune endotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To highlight the need for a standardized approach to sepsis subtyping.
• * To propose the establishment of a core set of features for sepsis subtyping.
• * To facilitate the development of precision immunomodulation strategies for sepsis.

Main Methods:

• * Narrative review of existing sepsis subtyping literature.
• * Analysis of heterogeneity in sepsis clinical and biological data.
• * Reasoning on the requirements for effective sepsis subtyping.

Main Results:

• * Current sepsis subtyping efforts are nascent and lack inter-study consistency.
• * A defined set of features is crucial for reproducible and clinically relevant sepsis subtyping.
• * The goal of precision immunomodulation remains unmet due to current limitations.

Conclusions:

• * Standardizing the purpose and features of sepsis subtyping is essential.
• * Future sepsis subtyping research must prioritize shared, measurable features.
• * Establishing consensus on sepsis endotypes will enable targeted immunomodulatory therapies.