Identifying Dementia Severity Among People Living With Dementia Using Administrative Claims Data

There is currently no reliable tool for classifying dementia severity level based on administrative claims data. We aimed to develop a claims-based model to identify patients with severe dementia among a cohort of patients with dementia.

Retrospective cohort study.

We identified people living with dementia (PLWD) in US Medicare claims data linked with the Minimum Data Set (MDS) and Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS).

Severe dementia was defined based on cognitive and functional status data available in the MDS and OASIS. The dataset was randomly divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets, and a logistic regression model was developed to predict severe dementia using baseline (assessed in the prior year) features selected by generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. We assessed model performance by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), area under precision-recall curve (AUPRC), and precision and recall at various cutoff points, including Youden Index. We compared the model performance with and without using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to reduce the imbalance of the dataset.

Our study cohort included 254,410 PLWD with 17,907 (7.0%) classified as having severe dementia. The AUROC of our primary model, without SMOTE, was 0.81 in the training and 0.80 in the validation set. In the validation set at the optimized Youden Index, the model had a sensitivity of 0.77 and specificity of 0.70. Using a SMOTE-balanced validation set, the model had an AUROC of 0.83, AUPRC of 0.80, sensitivity of 0.79, specificity of 0.74, positive predictive value of 0.75, and negative predictive value of 0.78 when at the optimized Youden Index.

Our claims-based algorithm to identify patients living with severe dementia can be useful for claims-based pharmacoepidemiologic and health services research.