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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics
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Environmentally dependent interactions shape patterns in gene content across natural microbiomes.

Kyle Crocker1,2,3, Kiseok Keith Lee1,2,3, Milena Chakraverti-Wuerthwein2,3,4

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Nature Microbiology
|July 8, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial community patterns in soil are shaped by pH-dependent interactions, not just metabolism. Specific gene abundances, like nar and nap, shift with pH due to these ecological relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Metagenomics

Background:

  • Microbial community composition in diverse environments often correlates with environmental conditions.
  • While metabolic potential influences microbial growth, the role of ecological interactions in shaping natural microbiomes is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how pH-dependent ecological interactions influence gene abundance patterns in soil microbial communities.
  • To use denitrification as a model system to understand the link between environmental variables and gene abundances.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a global soil sequencing survey to examine gene abundances in relation to pH.
  • Investigating the growth of specific microbial genotypes (nar and nap) in isolation and within a community under varying pH conditions.

Main Results:

  • Identified a pH-dependent trade-off in the abundances of nar and nap genes, with nar increasing and nap decreasing as pH declines.
  • Demonstrated that nar genotypes, unable to grow alone in acidic conditions, are enriched in the community due to interactions with nap genotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Ecological interactions, modulated by environmental factors like pH, are critical drivers of observed metagenomic patterns in soil.
  • Provides a framework for deciphering how environmental variables and gene abundances are linked through community interactions.