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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Thyroid tuberculosis mimicking multinodular goiter: a case report.

Endeshaw Asaye Kindie1, Tigist Hailu Belachew2, Lidetu Temeche Habte3

  • 1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia. endeshaw.asaye@gmail.com.

Journal of Medical Case Reports
|July 8, 2024
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Summary

Tuberculosis of the thyroid is rare and can mimic multinodular goiter. Early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid tuberculosis are crucial for managing this challenging condition.

Keywords:
AbscessAnti-tuberculosisThyroidTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health threat, causing millions of deaths annually.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection leads to latent or active disease, with TB incidence amplified by HIV co-infection.
  • Thyroid tuberculosis is an uncommon manifestation, often presenting diagnostic challenges due to its mimicry of other neck pathologies.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old woman presented with a multinodular anterior neck swelling, clinically resembling a goiter.
  • Neck ultrasound revealed an abscess within a background of multinodular colloid goiter.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed by GeneXpert testing of pus and cytopathology showing caseous necrosis.

Findings:

  • Thyroid tuberculosis was confirmed in a patient presenting with symptoms mimicking multinodular goiter.
  • The patient received a standard 6-month anti-tuberculosis regimen with pyridoxine, showing a favorable outcome.
  • Successful treatment of thyroid tuberculosis was achieved with a standard first-line regimen.

Implications:

  • Anterior neck swelling warrants consideration of tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis, especially in endemic regions.
  • Prompt diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis is essential for effective management and preventing complications.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering rare presentations of tuberculosis in clinical practice.