Additive Anticonvulsive Effects of Sumatriptan and Morphine on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Clonic Seizures in Mice

Sumatriptan protects the brain from damage and enhance the anti-seizure effect of morphine. There is evidence that nitric oxide (NO) may mediate these effects of both drugs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sumatriptan (0.1-20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) and morphine (0.1-20 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or in combination on seizure thresholds in an in vivo model of seizure in mice. Using various NO synthase inhibitors as well as the NO precursor, we assessed possible involvement of NO signaling in these effects.

Clonic seizures were induced in male Naval Medical Research Institute mice by intravenous administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ).

Acute sumatriptan administration exerted anti-convulsive effects at 0.5 (p<0.01) and 1 mg/kg (p<0.05), but pro-convulsive effects at 20 mg/kg (p<0.05). Morphine had anti-convulsive effects at 0.5 (p<0.05) and 1 mg/kg (p<0.001), but exerted pro-convulsive effect at 20 mg/kg (p<0.05). Combination treatment with sub-effective doses of sumatriptan (0.1 mg/kg) and morphine (0.1 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) exerted an anti-convulsive effect. Co-administration of the NO precursor L-arginine (60 mg/kg) with sub-effective doses of sumatriptan and morphine significantly (p<0.05) increased seizure threshold compared with sumatriptan alone, but not sumatriptan+morphine group. While concomitant administration of either the non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-N^G-nitroarginine methyl ester (5 mg/kg) or the selective inducible NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg) with combined sub-effective doses of morphine and sumatriptan produced significant anticonvulsive effects, concomitant administration with the selective neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (30 mg/kg) inhibited this effect.

Our data suggest a possible role for the NO signaling in the anticonvulsive effects of combined sumatriptan and morphine on the PTZ-induced clonic seizures in mice.