Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Indirect Motor Pathways

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...

Neural Regulation

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Exercise Intervention for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Implications for Neurorehabilitation.

CNS neuroscience & therapeutics·2026

Same author

Protein Disulfide Isomerase Disassembles TDP-43/G3BP1 Condensates and Antagonizes TDP-43 Pathological Aggregates.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

NAD<sup>+</sup>‒circadian rhythm coupling in dementia.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026

Same author

Distinct metabolomic and proteomic signatures in Parkinson's disease patients with REM sleep behavior disorder.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy·2026

Same author

Sleep Disorders in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Pathological Correlations and Underlying Mechanisms.

Neuroscience bulletin·2026

Same author

The clinical features, imaging profiles, and management strategies of cerebellar infarction: an update.

International journal of surgery (London, England)·2026

Same journal

HIV Transmission Dynamics in Greater Mexico City are Shaped by Dense Spatial Mixing.

Research square·2026

Same journal

A UCP1-IRES-Cre Knock-In Mouse Enables Specific Brown Adipocyte Targeting Without CNS Off-Target Expression.

Research square·2026

Same journal

Precision RNAi for Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: a combinatorial, unimolecular, allele selective approach.

Research square·2026

Same journal

Perceptions of end-of-life care quality among bereaved closest contacts of community-dwelling older Australians: a cross-sectional survey of the ASPREE cohort.

Research square·2026

Same journal

Heavy-chain immune repertoire sequencing enables language-model prediction of antigen-specific antibodies.

Research square·2026

Same journal

25+ Years of TRPV4: From Discovery to Translational Horizons.

Research square·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Subcellular Patch-clamp Recordings from the Somatodendritic Domain of Nigral Dopamine Neurons

Subcellular Patch-clamp Recordings from the Somatodendritic Domain of Nigral Dopamine Neurons

Published on: November 2, 2016

Patch and matrix striatonigral neurons differentially regulate locomotion.

Huaibin Cai¹, Jie Dong¹, Lupeng Wang¹

¹National Institutes of Health.

Research Square

|July 9, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Patch and matrix striatonigral neurons have opposite effects on locomotion. Patch neurons suppress movement by inhibiting dopaminergic neurons, while matrix neurons promote it.

Keywords:

GABA-B receptor (Gabbr1)Kremen1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (ALDH1A1)dopamine dorsal striatum locomotion matrix and patch compartments nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons spiny projection neuron striosome substantia nigra

More Related Videos

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Published on: January 15, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Subcellular Patch-clamp Recordings from the Somatodendritic Domain of Nigral Dopamine Neurons

Subcellular Patch-clamp Recordings from the Somatodendritic Domain of Nigral Dopamine Neurons

Published on: November 2, 2016

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Published on: January 15, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Striatal Function

Background:

Striatonigral neurons are known to influence locomotion.
Their specific roles within the dorsal striatum's patch and matrix compartments are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the distinct contributions of patch and matrix striatonigral neurons to locomotion.
To elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms, including dopaminergic pathways.

Main Methods:

Utilized molecular markers Kringle-Containing Protein Marking the Eye and the Nose (Kremen1) and Calbidin (Calb1) to identify neuronal populations.
Employed optogenetics and fiber photometry in mouse models.
Investigated the role of GABA-B receptor Gabbr1 in Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1-positive (ALDH1A1+) dopaminergic neurons.

Main Results:

Patch and matrix striatonigral neurons exert opposing effects on locomotion.
Patch neuron activation suppresses locomotion and inhibits dopamine release.
Matrix neuron activation promotes locomotion and initially increases dopamine release.
Deletion of Gabbr1 in ALDH1A1+ dopaminergic neurons abolished the locomotion-suppressing effect of patch neuron activation.

Conclusions:

Patch striatonigral neurons suppress locomotion via inhibition of ALDH1A1+ nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.
Matrix striatonigral neurons promote locomotion.
This study reveals a compartment-specific mechanism controlling locomotion in the dorsal striatum.