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Proteomics

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

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Published on: October 20, 2016

Potential biomarkers for multiple sclerosis stage from targeted proteomics and microRNA sequencing.

Ineke L Tan^1,2, Rutger Modderman¹, Anna Stachurska¹

¹Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.

Brain Communications

|July 9, 2024

Summary

Researchers identified new protein and microRNA biomarkers in serum to differentiate multiple sclerosis subtypes. A peak in granzyme B and immune-related microRNAs signals conversion from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Keywords:

biomarker disease stage microRNA sequencing multiple sclerosis proteomics

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation

Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation

Published on: July 23, 2012

Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Biomarker Discovery
Central Nervous System Disorders

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system demyelinating disease.
Current diagnostic and prognostic tools for MS subtypes are limited.
Need for circulating biomarkers to guide treatment decisions in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify novel protein and microRNA biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and serum for multiple sclerosis (MS).
To differentiate between MS subtypes, specifically relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS).
To investigate biomarkers associated with the conversion from RRMS to SPMS.

Main Methods:

Targeted proteomics (92 proteins) and microRNA sequencing on serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples.
Analysis of a cross-sectional case-control cohort (Cohort I) and a prospective MS cohort (Cohort II).
Meta-analysis combining data from both cohorts to identify differentially expressed markers.

Main Results:

13 proteins differed between MS and controls in cerebrospinal fluid; no microRNAs.
Serum analysis revealed 10 proteins and 16 microRNAs differentiating RRMS from SPMS.
Longitudinal analysis showed a peak in granzyme B proteins and enrichment of immune cell-related microRNAs during RRMS to SPMS conversion.

Conclusions:

Serum proteins and microRNAs show potential as biomarkers for distinguishing MS subtypes.
Conversion to SPMS is associated with increased granzyme B and specific immune microRNAs.
Immune cell-driven processes may play a role in MS progression.