Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

628
Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
628
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

79
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
79
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

169
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
169
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

187
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
187
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

180
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
180
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

546
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
546

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Letter to the Editor: Retinal and Choroidal Changes in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 in Relation to Diagnostic Criteria and Disease Severity.

Current eye research·2026
Same author

Place of New Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in Recalcitrant Radiation Maculopathy: Case Reports.

Case reports in ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 and Unilateral Subfoveal Vitelliform Lesion: A Longitudinal Follow-up By Multimodal Imaging.

Romanian journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Ischemic Type of Central Vein Occlusion in a Patient With Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy: A Longitudinal Follow-Up of 12 Years.

Cureus·2026
Same authorSame journal

Systemic and ocular complications related to intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF agents.

Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal·2026
Same author

Bilateral Double Fovea Appearance with a Pseudofovea Documented by Multimodal Imaging and Microperimetry: A Rare Case Report.

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
08:10

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Published on: January 25, 2019

7.8K

Fenofibrate and diabetic retinopathy.

Omer Karti1, Ali Osman Saatci1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Izmir Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkiye.

Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation Ophthalmology Journal
|July 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Fenofibrate treatment effectively slows diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression by improving blood-retinal barrier function through lipid-modifying and pleiotropic effects. This may reduce vision-threatening complications in diabetes patients.

Keywords:
apo-fenofibratecomputer vision systemdiabetic retinopathiesdyslipidemialipid regulating drugsmachine intelligencephenofibratetype 1 diabetes mellitustype 2 diabetes mellitus

More Related Videos

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
10:07

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

Published on: December 26, 2017

13.2K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
04:36

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression

Published on: January 12, 2024

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
08:10

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Published on: January 25, 2019

7.8K
Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
10:07

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

Published on: December 26, 2017

13.2K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
04:36

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression

Published on: January 12, 2024

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in working-age individuals.
  • Dyslipidemia is a suspected risk factor for DR, but evidence is conflicting.
  • Fenofibrate, an antihyperlipidemic drug, possesses lipid-modifying and pleiotropic effects beneficial for microvascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence on fenofibrate's efficacy in slowing diabetic retinopathy progression.
  • To analyze the mechanisms underlying fenofibrate's protective effects on the blood-retinal barrier.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE for studies published in the last 20 years.
  • Keywords included "diabetic retinopathy," "fenofibrate," and "dyslipidemia."
  • Key investigations were scrutinized, and findings were synthesized, with seminal studies presented in a table.

Main Results:

  • Fenofibrate treatment demonstrably slows DR progression, attributed to protective effects on the blood-retinal barrier.
  • Protective mechanisms include lipid-modifying effects (PPAR-α activation) and pleiotropic effects (reduced inflammation, improved endothelial function).
  • Major trials (FELD, ACCORD) confirmed fenofibrate's protection against DR progression, irrespective of lipid levels.

Conclusions:

  • Fenofibrate is an effective oral antihyperlipidemic agent for decreasing DR progression and preventing vision-threatening complications.
  • Despite proven efficacy, fenofibrate is not yet widely adopted in DR management.
  • Further clinical trials are needed to fully establish fenofibrate's role in DR treatment.