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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart beats)...
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Monitoring Astrocyte Reactivity and Proliferation in Vitro Under Ischemic-Like Conditions
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Glucose Fluctuations in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Antigoni Fountouki1, Thomas Tegos2, Elizabeth Psoma3

  • 1Department of Nursing, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, GRC.

Cureus
|July 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Glucose fluctuations impact acute ischemic stroke outcomes. Improving time in range, a measure of glucose control, is linked to better patient prognosis and survival. Continuous glucose monitoring can aid this management.

Keywords:
cgmhyperglycemiainfarct topographyoxfordshire community stroke projectstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classifies ischemic stroke into four subtypes: total anterior infarct, partial anterior infarct, posterior, and lacunar.
  • Hyperglycemia is a known risk factor associated with larger infarct volumes and poorer clinical outcomes in stroke patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between glucose fluctuations and the Oxford stroke sub-categories.
  • To assess the correlation of glucose monitoring metrics with patient outcomes in acute ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, observational study involving 105 acute ischemic stroke patients within 24 hours of symptom onset.
  • Continuous glucose monitoring was performed for 72 hours; disability was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale.
  • Statistical analyses included ANOVA for stroke subtypes versus glucose metrics and logistic regression for outcome prediction.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in mean glucose levels were observed across the Oxford stroke subtypes.
  • An increase in time in range (70-140 mg/dL) correlated with a reduced likelihood of worse outcomes.
  • Patients with total anterior infarcts had a higher likelihood of worse outcomes compared to lacunar stroke patients.

Conclusions:

  • The Oxford classification may not be essential for managing glucose levels in acute ischemic stroke.
  • Optimizing glucose control and increasing time in range can improve patient prognosis and potentially survival.
  • Continuous glucose monitoring systems offer a valuable tool for achieving glycemic targets in stroke care.