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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Inter-cellular mRNA Transfer Alters Human Pluripotent Stem Cell State.

Yosuke Yoneyama1,2, Ran-Ran Zhang3, Masaki Kimura3

  • 1Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|July 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inter-cellular mRNA transfer reprograms human stem cells. Mouse-derived mRNA, particularly key transcription factors, induces a naïve-like state in human cells through direct contact, revealing new communication pathways.

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In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
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RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Cellular reprogramming
  • Inter-cellular communication

Background:

  • Inter-cellular mRNA transmission is studied in mammals.
  • Human primed pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) require specific culture conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate inter-cellular mRNA transfer for hPSC adaptation and reprogramming.
  • To understand the role of direct cell contact in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Coculture of hPSCs with mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) under permissive conditions.
  • Analysis of mouse-derived mRNA transfer into hPSCs.
  • Gene expression profiling and surface marker analysis of hPSCs.
  • Knockdown experiments targeting specific mouse mRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Mouse mRNA transferred to hPSCs via direct cell contact, enriching pathways for transcription and stress response.
  • hPSCs acquired a naïve-like state after coculture with mESCs.
  • Mouse transcription factors Tfcp2l1, Tfap2c, and Klf4 were essential for this conversion.

Conclusions:

  • Inter-species mRNA transfer can trigger cellular reprogramming in mammalian cells.
  • mRNA mobility plays a significant role in intra- and inter-species cellular communication.