Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in children. A pragmatic update

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in infants and children is notable for its association with benign disease and its varied, age-dependent etiologies. We have presented these in brief. Much of the information presented, particularly that related to diagnostic endoscopy and sclerotherapy, represents extension of commonly used adult techniques to the pediatric population. Guidelines for resuscitation and diagnosis are provided with the expectation that an individual clinical assessment will lead to modification. Rigidity in approach is to be avoided. Notable recent changes in the management of children with GI hemorrhage are summarized and placed in perspective.