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Risk Factors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Manar M Hasuneh1, Ahmad A Toubasi1, Bann Khraisat1

  • 1Manar M. Hasuneh, Ahmad A. Toubasi, Bann Khraisat, Hamdi Aldabbas, Montaha AL-Iede, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners
|July 9, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Key risk factors for pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) include tonsillar/adenoid hypertrophy, respiratory infections, obesity, and family history. Early identification of these factors is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition in children with significant long-term health implications.
  • Understanding pediatric OSA risk factors is essential for effective management and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and identify significant risk factors associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in pediatric populations.
  • To provide data supporting early diagnosis and intervention for childhood OSA.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
  • Meta-analysis of 35 studies involving 497,688 pediatric patients diagnosed with OSA via polysomnography.
  • Relative Risks (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were calculated for various risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Significant risk factors for pediatric OSA included tonsillar hypertrophy (RR=3.55), respiratory tract infections (RR=2.59), family history of OSA (RR=3.03), obesity (RR=1.74), and adenoid hypertrophy (RR=1.63).
  • White ethnicity demonstrated a protective effect (RR=0.77).

Conclusions:

  • Identification of specific risk factors like hypertrophy, infections, obesity, and family history can facilitate earlier diagnosis of pediatric OSA.
  • This knowledge is vital for developing targeted screening and treatment protocols in pediatric healthcare settings.
Abstract

Keywords:
PediatricsPolysomnographyRisk factorsUpper airway resistance sleep apnea syndrome

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