Comparing Life Expectancy Determinants Between Indonesia and Oman from 1980 to 2020

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Health Economics
• Demography

Background:

• Life expectancy (LE) is a key indicator of population health and well-being.
• Modeling LE trajectory supports national development goals like Indonesia's Vision 2045 and Oman's Vision 2040.
• Indonesia and Oman face challenges associated with the middle-income trap within the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the influence of health status-resources (HSR), macroeconomic (ME), and sociodemographic (SD) factors on life expectancy (LE).
• To analyze these relationships in Indonesia and Oman, two middle-income nations.
• To inform policy development for improving public health and economic growth.

Main Methods:

• A national-scale, population-based approach using retrospective observational data.
• Partial Least Square Structural Equation Models (PLS-SEM) were employed.
• Utilized World Bank data spanning from 1980 to 2020.

Main Results:

• In Indonesia, ME (β=0.737, p<0.05), SD (β=0.675, p<0.05), and HSR (β=0.823, p<0.05) significantly influenced LE.
• In Oman, ME (β=0.848, p<0.05) and SD (β=0.755, p<0.05) showed strong effects on LE, while HSR had a moderate effect (β=0.335, p<0.05).
• All tested factors demonstrated a statistically significant impact on life expectancy in both countries.

Conclusions:

• Policies integrating health and societal perspectives are essential for enhancing public health in Indonesia and Oman.
• Advancing life expectancy requires a focus on socioeconomic well-being and societal issues.
• Such integrated approaches may help these nations transition beyond the middle-income trap.