Comparing Life Expectancy Determinants Between Indonesia and Oman from 1980 to 2020

Life expectancy (LE) is a health indicator of a population's health and well-being. Modeling the trajectory of LE aligns with the objectives of Indonesia's Vision 2045 and Oman's Vision 2040. This study examines the influence of health status-resources (HSR), macroeconomic (ME), and sociodemographic (SD) factors on LE in Indonesia and Oman. These two nations navigate the challenges of the middle-income trap in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. This study adopted a national-scale population-based approach that focuses on retrospective observations. We used partial least square structural equation models with World Bank data from 1980 to 2020 to analyze the relationship between the mentioned factors and the LE of Oman and Indonesia. For Indonesia's model, the results showed that ME has a total effect of β = 0.737 (p < 0.05) on LE, SD has a total effect of β = 0.675 (p < 0.05) on LE, and HSR has a total effect of β = 0.823 (p < 0.05) on LE. In Oman's model, ME has a total effect of β = 0.848 (p < 0.05) on LE, SD has a total effect of β = 0.755 (p < 0.05) on LE, and HSR has a total effect of β = 0.335 (p < 0.05) on LE. The findings underscore the need for policies that meld health and societal perspectives to improve public health in both nations. A shift in public health interventions and perceptions towards socioeconomic well-being and societal issues is pivotal for advancing LE growth, potentially steering these countries from the middle-income trap.