Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulse amplitude and quality01:17

Pulse amplitude and quality

1.7K
Pulse amplitude is a crucial indicator of cardiac health because it provides valuable insights into the strength of left ventricular contractions and the overall uniformity of blood circulation within the vasculature. The strength of the pulse is directly related to the force with which the heart contracts and the volume of blood being pumped.
A weak or absent pulse may indicate reduced cardiac output or poor left ventricular contraction, which can be signs of cardiovascular dysfunction or...
1.7K
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

556
Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
556
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

677
An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
677
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

403
In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
403
Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

577
Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:
577
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

255
Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
255

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sleep Stage Classification During CPAP Therapy from CPAP-Airflow and Wearable Fingertip Signals.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

"T" Times: Revisiting the Timing of Neuronal Injury in Status Epilepticus.

Epilepsy currents·2024
Same author

Symptom Severity and Treatment Satisfaction in Patients with Idiopathic Hypersomnia: The Real World Idiopathic Hypersomnia Outcomes Study (ARISE).

Nature and science of sleep·2023
Same author

What You Don't Look for, You Won't Find: Value of EEG After Clinical Resolution of Convulsive Status Epilepticus.

Epilepsy currents·2022
Same author

To Wean or Not to Wean: Machine Learning to the Rescue.

Epilepsy currents·2021
Same author

The Impact of COVID-19 on Epilepsy Care: A Survey of the American Epilepsy Society Membership.

Epilepsy currents·2020
Same journal

Surface EEG to Identify Cognitive Motor Dissociation After Acute Brain Injury.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026
Same journal

The Physics and Physiology of Electrical Stimulation of the Brain.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026
Same journal

Neurophysiology in Postanoxic Encephalopathy: Pathophysiology, Prognosis, and Treatment.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026
Same journal

A Review on the Functional Connectivity of the Human Opercular Cortex.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026
Same journal

Surgical Aspects of Opercular Epilepsies.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026
Same journal

Cost-Effectiveness of EEG Monitoring in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury After Cardiac Arrest.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice
08:51

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

Published on: May 10, 2019

11.7K

Resolving a "W-Shaped" P100 Waveform: Is It Normal or Abnormal?

Maya Martin-Gonzalez1, Aatif M Husain1,2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A. ; and.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society
|July 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A W-shaped P100 waveform in pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials can sometimes be normal. Further testing with different check sizes is crucial for accurate interpretation of visual pathway abnormalities.

More Related Videos

A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare
06:34

A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare

Published on: July 7, 2023

2.3K
Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
07:37

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness

Published on: August 1, 2017

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice
08:51

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

Published on: May 10, 2019

11.7K
A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare
06:34

A Single-Channel and Non-Invasive Wearable Brain-Computer Interface for Industry and Healthcare

Published on: July 7, 2023

2.3K
Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
07:37

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness

Published on: August 1, 2017

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are essential for assessing visual pathway integrity.
  • The P100 waveform, typically negative-positive-negative, is a key indicator in VEP analysis.
  • An uncommon 'W-shaped' P100 waveform (positive-negative-positive) can present diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a case of a W-shaped P100 waveform in pattern-reversal VEPs.
  • To determine the diagnostic significance of W-shaped P100 waveforms.
  • To elucidate the appropriate methodology for evaluating atypical VEP findings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) with monocular full-field stimulation.
  • Administered stimulation using varying check sizes (30', 60', and 15').
  • Analyzed different electrode montages and hemifield stimulation protocols.

Main Results:

  • A W-shaped P100 waveform was observed with 30' checks.
  • Subsequent VEP testing with 15' checks revealed a typical single-peak P100 waveform with normal latency.
  • This suggests the W-shaped waveform in this instance was not indicative of abnormality.

Conclusions:

  • W-shaped P100 waveforms in VEPs can occasionally be normal, despite often indicating visual pathway abnormalities.
  • Comprehensive evaluation, including varied check sizes and stimulation techniques, is vital for correct interpretation.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires careful analysis of VEP waveform morphology and response to different stimuli.