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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

MiR-155-targeted IcosL controls tumor rejection.

Esmerina Tili^1,2, Hajime Otsu², Teresa L Commisso²

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|July 9, 2024

Summary

MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) promotes cancer by reducing Inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (IcosL) expression, hindering T-cell anti-tumor immunity. Restoring IcosL shows promise for novel cancer therapies.

Keywords:

immune rejection immune therapy lymphoma microRNA targeting solid tumor

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Elevated microRNA-155 (miR-155) levels are linked to increased aggressiveness in various cancers.
miR-155's role in immune evasion within the tumor microenvironment requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanism by which miR-155 influences anti-tumor immunity.
To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the miR-155/IcosL axis in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

Utilized genetically engineered mouse models (Eµ-miR-155 and Cre-Tet-OFF systems) to study miR-155 function in B-cell malignancies.
Assessed the impact of miR-155 on IcosL expression in tumor cells and immune infiltrates.
Engineered MC38 colon cancer cells to overexpress IcosL and evaluated anti-tumor effects in vivo.

Main Results:

miR-155 overexpression in B-cell lymphomas led to a loss of IcosL expression.
Induction of miR-155 in tumors resulted in malignant cells lacking IcosL, while its suppression promoted tumor regression and immune cell infiltration.
Engineering cancer cells to express IcosL enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration and reduced tumor growth.

Conclusions:

miR-155 impairs anti-tumor immunity by targeting IcosL, thereby inhibiting cytotoxic T-cell infiltration.
Restoring or increasing IcosL expression on malignant cells can enhance anti-tumor immune responses.
Targeting the miR-155/IcosL pathway presents a promising strategy for developing novel cancer immunotherapies.