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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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The human body carefully regulates the internal pH of different organs to maintain homeostasis. For example, while the blood plasma maintains a neutral pH of 7, the stomach lumen has an acidic pH of 1.5 - 3.5. The low pH of stomach lumen helps kill pathogens in the food and break down complex food molecules.
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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
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A metabolic regulator for parietal cells.

Annalisa M VanHook1

  • 1Science Signaling, AAAS, Washington, DC 20005, USA.

Science Signaling
|July 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ is crucial for developing acid-secreting gastric cells. This finding advances understanding of gastric cell differentiation and potential therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The stomach lining contains specialized cells responsible for acid secretion.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of these gastric cells remain incompletely understood.
  • Orphan nuclear receptors are transcription factors implicated in various developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ (estrogen-related receptor gamma) in gastric cell differentiation.
  • To elucidate the function of ERRγ in the development of acid-secreting gastric cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models with targeted genetic modifications of ERRγ.
  • Employed techniques such as immunohistochemistry, gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting.

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  • Performed cell culture experiments using gastric progenitor cells.

    • Main Results:

    • ERRγ expression was found to be significantly upregulated during the differentiation of gastric cells.
    • Loss of ERRγ function led to impaired differentiation and reduced numbers of acid-secreting parietal cells.
    • ERRγ was identified as a key regulator of genes essential for gastric acid production.

    Conclusions:

    • The orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ plays a critical role in directing the differentiation of acid-secreting gastric cells.
    • ERRγ is a vital component of the molecular network controlling gastric homeostasis and function.
    • Targeting ERRγ may offer novel therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal disorders related to acid secretion.