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Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Public health
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • The Amazon rainforest harbors a unique onchocerciasis focus shared by Brazil and Venezuela.
  • This disease disproportionately affects the indigenous Yanomami population, posing significant elimination challenges due to the region's vastness and inaccessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline Brazil's strategy and progress toward onchocerciasis elimination in the Amazonian focus.
  • To identify ongoing challenges and future prospects for eradicating this neglected tropical disease.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin since 1995.
  • Community-level monitoring and epidemiological surveys for targeted interventions.
  • Adherence to regional and global elimination guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Brazil has completed 36 effective biannual ivermectin MDA rounds with ≥85% coverage through 2022.
  • The national program is progressing towards the goal of stopping treatment by 2025 and verifying elimination by 2030.

Conclusions:

  • Brazil's sustained ivermectin MDA and monitoring have advanced onchocerciasis elimination efforts.
  • Addressing cross-border issues, insecurity, and leveraging governmental support are crucial for achieving the 2030 elimination goal.