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Related Concept Videos

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
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The CoREST complex regulates multiple histone modifications temporal-specifically in clock neurons.

Pengfei Lv1, Zhangwu Zhao1, Yukinori Hirano2

  • 1Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.

Open Biology
|July 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Co-Repressor of Elements (CoREST) complex regulates circadian rhythm by altering histone modifications at the Period (Per) locus in clock neurons. This epigenetic regulation impacts Per transcription and circadian timing.

Keywords:
CoRESTDrosophilaPeriodcircadian rhythmhistone modification

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythm relies on epigenetic regulation, with histone modifications observed at the Period (Per) locus.
  • Previous studies often lacked focus on clock neurons, a critical component of circadian regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Co-Repressor of Elements (CoREST) complex in circadian rhythm regulation.
  • To determine if CoREST influences Per transcription and associated histone modifications specifically within clock neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a CoREST mutation screen to identify effects on circadian rhythm.
  • Performed genetic and physical interaction assays to explore regulatory relationships.
  • Conducted tissue-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation in clock neurons to analyze histone modifications at the Per locus.

Main Results:

  • A CoREST mutation caused circadian rhythm defects by impacting Per transcription.
  • CoREST interacts with histone modifiers at the Per locus.
  • CoREST mutation induced time-dependent changes in histone modifications at the Per locus in clock neurons.

Conclusions:

  • The CoREST complex plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythm through epigenetic mechanisms in clock neurons.
  • This study highlights the dynamic epigenetic changes at the Per locus and their importance in circadian gene expression.