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Assessing LLIN distribution implementation using evidence-informed intervention core elements: a qualitative study in

Phyllis Dako-Gyeke1, Emmanuel Asampong2, Franklin N Glozah1

  • 1Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

BMC Health Services Research
|July 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Ghana's mass long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) distribution campaigns show implementation strengths but fall short of desired behavioral change for continuous LLIN use. Future efforts need innovative pedagogy and standardized core elements for better malaria prevention outcomes.

Keywords:
CampaignCore elementsEvidence informed interventionsGhanaImplementationLong lasting insecticide treated nets (LLIN)MalariaTaxonomy

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Area of Science:

  • Implementation Science
  • Public Health Interventions
  • Malaria Control

Background:

  • Ghana's National Malaria Elimination Programme utilizes mass long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) distribution campaigns.
  • Implementation science principles guide the assessment of social contexts and stakeholder engagement in evidence-informed interventions.
  • This study evaluates core elements of LLIN distribution in a resource-constrained setting using Galbraith's taxonomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the core elements (implementation, content, pedagogy) of Ghana's mass LLIN distribution campaign.
  • To identify best practices and implementation gaps in a resource-constrained environment.
  • To inform future strategies for effective malaria prevention interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Six districts in Ghana's Eastern and Volta regions participated.
  • Fourteen Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with caregivers and household heads.
  • Data analysis involved verbatim transcription, deductive/inductive coding using NVivo, and theme refinement.

Main Results:

  • Key implementation elements included registration, distribution, engagement with traditional authorities, and community health volunteer involvement.
  • Pedagogy involved outreaches, illustrations, demonstrations, and multiple communication channels.
  • Content focused on malaria prevention and self-efficacy, but gaps in desired behavior (e.g., misuse) and a focus on women were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Mass LLIN campaigns in Ghana incorporate core intervention elements but have not fully achieved desired behavioral change for continuous use.
  • Future campaigns should employ innovative pedagogical approaches and community-level engagement.
  • Standardization of core elements is needed to enhance the efficacy of evidence-based health interventions.