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Association of serum pertussis antibodies with acute asthma attacks in children

Tian Xie, Li-Li Zhong

    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
    |July 10, 2024
    PubMed

    Insights

    Children with asthma have higher pertussis toxin (PT) antibody levels, suggesting pertussis infection is common and linked to asthma severity. Recent pertussis infection in asthmatic children correlates with wheezing and poorer lung function.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Pulmonology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children.
    • Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly contagious bacterial infection.
    • The relationship between pertussis infection and asthma exacerbations requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate serum antibody levels against pertussis toxin (PT) in children with acute asthma attacks.
    • To explore the association between PT antibody levels and asthma severity.
    • To compare PT infection prevalence in children with asthma versus bronchitis.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective study of 107 children with acute asthma and 77 with bronchitis.
    • Measurement of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels specific to PT using ELISA.
    • Categorization of asthma patients into non-pertussis, suspected pertussis, and recent pertussis infection groups based on PT-IgG levels.

    Main Results:

    • 25% of asthma patients tested positive for PT-IgG, compared to 7.8% in the bronchitis group.
    • Recent pertussis infection was more prevalent in the asthma group.
    • Asthmatic children with recent pertussis infection showed increased wheezing and impaired lung function.

    Conclusions:

    • Pertussis infection is a significant factor in pediatric asthma.
    • Elevated PT antibody levels correlate with increased asthma severity and symptoms.
    • Pertussis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute asthma exacerbations in children.

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