Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Visual Detection of Multiple Nucleic Acids in a Capillary Array
08:56

Visual Detection of Multiple Nucleic Acids in a Capillary Array

Published on: November 15, 2017

7.3K

First detection of multiple cases related to CV-A16 strain of B1c clade in Beijing in 2022

Zhichao Liang1, Changying Lin1, Da Huo1

  • 1Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.

Journal of Medical Virology
|July 10, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) clade B1c infections, previously unreported in Beijing, emerged in 2022. These hand, foot, and mouth disease cases in Shunyi District were linked to an Indian strain, necessitating enhanced surveillance.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) is a major cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina (HA), potentially leading to severe neurological complications.
  • CV-A16 clades B1a and B1b circulated in Beijing from 2019-2021.
  • Clade B1c infections had not been previously reported in Beijing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence and characteristics of CV-A16 B1c clade infections in Beijing.
  • To analyze the genetic relatedness and identify unique mutations of the circulating CV-A16 B1c strains.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 400 HFMD and 493 HA cases from Beijing's surveillance system (2019-2022).
  • Real-time RT-PCR for enterovirus detection.
  • Full-length VP1 gene and whole-genome sequencing for CV-A16 positive cases.
  • Phylogenetic analysis and comparative sequence analysis.

Main Results:

  • CV-A16 was detected in 18.89% of enterovirus-positive cases.
  • Clades B1a, B1b, and B1c were identified in 14, 3, and 5 cases, respectively.
  • A cluster of five CV-A16 B1c cases occurred in Shunyi District in mid-2022, genetically linked to a 2018 Indian strain with over 98% sequence similarity.
  • Three unique amino acid variations (P3S, V25A, I235V) were identified in the B1c strains.

Conclusions:

  • The 2022 Shunyi District cases represent the first spatiotemporally correlated CV-A16 B1c clade infections in Beijing.
  • These findings highlight the need for increased surveillance of CV-A16 B1c in HFMD and HA cases in the region.
  • Genetic analysis revealed potential adaptations in the emerging B1c strains.

Keywords:
B1c clade of CV‐A16enterovirusevolutiongenotypehand, foot, and mouth disease

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses03:53

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

1.1K
Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System07:59

Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System

Published on: April 25, 2025

215

Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
14.8K
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
77
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
70