Optimization of exposure conditions for medical ultrasound

Optimum exposure conditions are values of acoustic exposure parameters (e.g., intensity, pressure amplitude, time) which yield maximum net medical benefit in a therapeutic or diagnostic procedure. It is generally agreed that if the exposure values are too low, the procedures are ineffective, while if they are too high, harm will result. However, little quantitative information exists on what specific values the parameters should have to give greatest net benefit in various applications. The determination of optimum exposure conditions is an important goal, but the process is likely to be a long one, requiring efforts by many individuals and groups. In this review several approaches to the problem are discussed, and difficulties are pointed out.