Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes
10:56

A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes

Published on: September 15, 2018

8.2K

Emerging therapies for refractory hypercholesterolemia: a narrative review

Agnieszka Pawlos1, Etienne Khoury2, Daniel Gaudet2

  • 1Department of Internal Diseases & Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Tissue Immunopharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347, Lodz, Poland.

Future Cardiology
|July 10, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Refractory hypercholesterolemia (RH) is a condition where patients don't reach cholesterol goals despite treatment. This review explores RH therapies, emphasizing low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) activity for personalized treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Refractory hypercholesterolemia (RH) affects patients resistant to standard lipid-lowering treatments.
  • RH significantly increases cardiovascular complication risk, particularly in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
  • The prevalence of RH is higher than previously estimated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging therapies for RH.
  • To highlight the role of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) in RH treatment.
  • To emphasize the importance of LDLR activity for personalized RH treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of RH therapies.
  • Analysis of genetic-based therapeutic approaches.
  • Evaluation of LDLR dependency in treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Current therapies for RH are limited, necessitating novel approaches.
  • Emerging therapies, including genetic-based options, show promise.
  • LDLR activity is a key determinant for therapeutic efficacy in RH.

Conclusions:

  • RH requires tailored treatment strategies beyond standard therapies.
  • Understanding and targeting LDLRs are crucial for effective RH management.
  • Personalized medicine based on LDLR function can optimize outcomes for RH patients.

Keywords:
LDL receptor-independent pathwayscardiovascular diseasegene therapiesrefractory hypercholesterolemia

More Related Videos

Cholesterol Efflux Assay07:54

Cholesterol Efflux Assay

Published on: March 6, 2012

29.8K
LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring08:45

LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring

Published on: November 17, 2018

13.3K

Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
628
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
156
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
419
Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine01:25

Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine

Angina pectoris, a primary symptom of ischemic heart disease, requires careful pharmacological interventions. In this context, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ranolazine have emerged as crucial pharmacotherapeutic agents, providing deep insights into the complexities of angina management.
CCBs, a diverse class that includes dihydropyridines (nifedipine) and diphenylalkylamines (verapamil and diltiazem), exert their effect by blocking calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This...
486
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.5K
Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers01:31

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is...
430