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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

215
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
215
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
321
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

231
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
231
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

177
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
177
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

134
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
134
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Tularemia in a Psoriasis Patient on Biologic Therapy After Relocation to Western South Dakota.

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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice
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Leprosy in the Heartland.

Alek Keegan1, Jon Gubbrud2, Kirsten Hockhausen3

  • 1Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

South Dakota Medicine : the Journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association
|July 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of leprosy (Hansen's disease) was diagnosed in South Dakota, highlighting the need for clinical awareness of uncommon presentations in non-endemic areas. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent disease progression and nerve damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Case Study
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is a curable infectious disease primarily affecting the skin and peripheral nerves.
  • While endemic in certain regions, global migration patterns can introduce leprosy to non-endemic areas.
  • Delayed diagnosis can lead to significant skin lesions, nerve damage, and other severe complications.

Observation:

  • A South Dakota resident presented with chronic skin lesions and anesthesia, a rare occurrence in the state.
  • Biopsy confirmed acid-fast bacilli consistent with Mycobacterium leprae infection.
  • The patient received standard multi-drug therapy, but experienced a reversal reaction managed with corticosteroids.

Findings:

  • Molecular testing confirmed Mycobacterium leprae infection, marking a rare case in South Dakota.
  • Successful treatment with dapsone and rifampin was achieved, with a reversal reaction managed effectively.
  • The patient showed a positive response to treatment and is under ongoing dermatological and infectious disease follow-up.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must consider leprosy in differential diagnoses, even in areas where it is exceptionally rare.
  • Increased awareness is vital to prevent misdiagnosis and treatment delays, especially with changing population demographics.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are essential to prevent long-term sequelae of leprosy.