Association of Body Mass Index and Parkinson Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

Cloé Domenighetti¹, Pierre-Emmanuel Sugier¹, Ashwin Ashok Kumar Sreelatha¹+75

• ¹From the Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.-E.S., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Villejuif, France; Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, and Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., K.B., T.G.), Tubingen; Center for Human Genetics (S.G.), Universitatsklinikum Giessen und Marburg, Germany; Department of Public Health (P.-C.L.), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Translational Neuroscience (P.M., D.B., R.K.), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Molecular Genetics Section (A.B.S., D.H., C.E.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (A.B.S.), NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Nathan, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.A.R., A.E.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.E.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.E.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic (P.T.), Tartu University Hospital, Estonia; Department of Neurologie (S.L., A.B., J.-C.C.), Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.-C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences; Univ. Lille (M.-C.C.-H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-LilNCog-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia; 1st Department of Neurology (L. Stefanis, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research (L. Stefanis), Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome; Department of Biomedical Sciences (L. Straniero), Humanitas University, Milan; Parkinson Institute (A.L.Z.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano; Parkinson Institute (G.P.), Fontazione Grigioni-Via Zuretti, Milan; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Milano; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A.), National Research Council, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Magna Graecia University; Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council (M.G.), Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., A.N.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Neurology (P.K., R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.V.D.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.T., L.P.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit (E.T.), Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) (E.T.); Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.-F.), Terrassa; Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.-F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), and Department of Neuroscience (C.R., A.C.B.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund (A.P., C.H.), Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine (K.E.M.), Health and Life Sciences, Queens University, Belfast; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.K., L.F.B.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville; Parkinson's Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; and Transversal Translational Medicine (R.K.), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen.