Copeptin's role in traumatic brain injury: The promising quest for a new biomarker

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) necessitates reliable biomarkers to improve patient care. This study explored copeptin as a potential biomarker in TBI and its relation to vasopressin (ADH) in such patients.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 TBI patients. Exclusion criteria included specific medical conditions and recent traumatic events. Copeptin and ADH testing were performed within 30 days post-trauma. Patient data, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, imaging results, and the need for surgical intervention were obtained from medical charts.

Copeptin levels negatively correlated with GCS scores (ρ = - 0.313, p = 0.027), indicating a potential association with trauma severity. Copeptin levels (mean: 3.22 pmol/L, median 2.027 pmol/L, SD = 3.15) tended to be lower than those found in the normal population, suggesting possible neuroendocrine dysfunction post-TBI. ADH levels (mean: 67.93 pmol/L, median 56.474 pmol/L SD = 47.67) were higher than the normal range and associated with the need for surgery (p = 0.048). Surprisingly, copeptin and ADH levels negatively correlated (r = - 0.491; p < 0.001), potentially due to differences in degradation processes and physiological variations in TBI patients.

Copeptin shows potential as a predictive biomarker for assessing TBI severity and predicting patient outcome. However, its complex relationship with ADH in TBI requires further investigation. Careful interpretation is needed due to potential variations in excretion dynamics and metabolism. Larger studies on TBI patient cohorts are essential to validate copeptin as a reliable biomarker and improve patient care in TBI.