Effect of calcium sources on enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation to solidify desert aeolian sand

Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is a promising technique for soil reinforcement. To select a suitable calcium source and a suitable solution amount for aeolian sand stabilization using EICP, specimens treated with different solution amounts (1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 L/m²). Surface strength, crust thickness, calcium carbonate content (CCC) and water vapor adsorption tests were performed to evaluate the effect of two calcium sources (calcium acetate and calcium chloride) on aeolian sand solidification. The plant suitability of solidified sand was investigated by the sea buckthorn growth test. The suitable calcium source was then used for the laboratory wind tunnel test and the field test to examine the erosion resistance of solidified sand. The results demonstrated that Ca(CH₃COO)₂-treated specimens exhibited higher strength than CaCl₂-treated specimens at the same EICP solution amount, and the water vapor equilibrium adsorption mass of Ca(CH₃COO)₂-treated specimens was less, indicating that Ca(CH₃COO)₂-solidified sand was more effective and had better long-term stability. In addition, plants grown in Ca(CH₃COO)₂-treated sand had greater seedling emergence percentage and higher average height, which indicated that calcium acetate is a more suitable calcium source for EICP treatment. Furthermore, the surface strength and crust thickness of solidified sand increased with increasing the solution amount. For sand treated with 3 L/m² of solution, the excessive strength and thickness of the crust made plants growth difficult, and the performance of sand treated with more than 2 L/m² of solution significantly improved. Thus, the solution amount of 2-3 L/m² is suggested for engineering applications. The sand solidified using EICP in the field could effectively mitigate wind erosion and facilitate the growth of native plants. Therefore, EICP can be combined with vegetative method to achieve long-term wind erosion control in the future.