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Elisabeth J Lier1, Merlijn L M Smits2, Regina L M van Boekel3

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Virtual reality (VR) did not significantly reduce postsurgical pain or analgesic use in this study. However, VR positively impacted patient stress and anxiety levels, showing potential for multimodal pain management.

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Medical Technology
  • Psychological Health

Background:

  • Virtual reality (VR) shows promise for pain management, but evidence for postsurgical pain is limited.
  • This study explored the effectiveness and feasibility of self-administered VR for postsurgical pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the initial effectiveness of VR as an add-on treatment for postsurgical pain.
  • To assess the feasibility and impact of VR on pain, analgesic use, stress, and anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • 100 patients with postsurgical pain (score ≥4) were randomized to control or VR groups.
  • VR interventions varied in immersion and interaction; participants used VR for 10 minutes, 3 times daily on postoperative days 2-4.
  • Outcomes included pain intensity, analgesic use, anxiety, stress, and feasibility, with analysis of patient and intervention characteristics.

Main Results:

  • VR did not significantly reduce self-reported pain scores (P = .43) or analgesic use.
  • Significantly lower daily stress (P = .01) and anxiety (P = .03) were observed in VR groups.
  • VR use was less than prescribed; adverse events included disorientation, nausea, and fatigue.

Conclusions:

  • VR did not demonstrate initial effectiveness for postsurgical pain or analgesic reduction.
  • VR positively influenced stress and anxiety, suggesting potential in multimodal pain management.
  • VR is safe and suitable for a broad audience, but personalization and technological improvements may enhance efficacy.