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Channel Rhodopsins01:11

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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
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Chassis engineering for high light tolerance in microalgae and cyanobacteria.

Biyun Dou1,2, Yang Li1,2, Fangzhong Wang1,2,3

  • 1Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|July 11, 2024
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Summary

Microalgae and cyanobacteria harness photoprotection mechanisms to survive high light stress. Engineering these photosynthetic microbes enhances their tolerance for renewable energy applications.

Keywords:
High-light stresschassiscyanobacteriaengineeringmicroalgaephotoprotection

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Area of Science:

  • Photosynthesis research
  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Oxygenic photosynthesis in microalgae and cyanobacteria is crucial for energy transition and climate change mitigation.
  • Large-scale cultivation of these microbes is hindered by excessive light stress, impacting efficiency, productivity, and survival.
  • Understanding and engineering high-light tolerance is a key research focus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review photoprotection mechanisms in microalgae and cyanobacteria under high light stress.
  • To explore engineering strategies for developing high-light tolerant photosynthetic chassis.
  • To propose future research directions for enhancing microbial photoprotection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microalgal and cyanobacterial photoprotection mechanisms.
  • Analysis of species-specific differences in response to high light.
  • Examination of genetic and metabolic engineering strategies for improved light tolerance.

Main Results:

  • Common photoprotection mechanisms include light absorption adjustment, energy dissipation, electron quenching, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and photosystem II (PSII) repair.
  • Engineering strategies involve antenna size reduction, optimizing non-photochemical quenching, photosynthetic electron transport, and PSII repair.
  • Significant species-specific variations exist in these protective strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Developing high-light tolerant photosynthetic chassis is vital for industrial applications.
  • Future research should focus on comprehensive mechanism exploration, novel gene identification, advanced engineering tools (CRISPR, AI), and cross-kingdom (plant) mechanism integration.
  • Harnessing these advancements will accelerate sustainable energy solutions.