Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
05:51

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 14, 2021

3.7K

Levofloxacin-Induced Oromandibular Dystonia in a 9-Year-Old Patient

Mohammadreza Ghazavi1, Zahra Allameh2

  • 1Pediatric Department, Emam Hossein children's Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Child Neurology
|July 11, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Antibiotics like levofloxacin can cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as abnormal movements, in children. This case highlights the importance of recognizing antibiotic-induced adverse drug reactions for patient safety.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Pediatrics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are abnormal movements often linked to antipsychotic medications.
  • Non-antipsychotic agents can also induce EPS, necessitating broader clinical awareness.
  • Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) require careful identification and management, especially in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of a pediatric patient experiencing EPS attributed to antibiotic use.
  • To investigate the potential causative role of levofloxacin and clindamycin in inducing EPS.
  • To emphasize the need for clinicians to consider antibiotics as a cause of EPS.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 9-year-old boy presenting with symptoms of EPS.
  • Review of the patient's medication history, including antibiotics (levofloxacin and clindamycin).
  • Assessment of the adverse drug reaction using the Naranjo criteria.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed trismus, difficulty speaking, and tongue protrusion after initiating levofloxacin and clindamycin.
  • Symptoms resolved upon antibiotic withdrawal and administration of Biperiden.
  • Naranjo criteria scoring indicated levofloxacin (score 7) and clindamycin (score 6) as probable causes of ADR, with clinical judgment favoring levofloxacin.

Conclusions:

  • Levofloxacin, even at standard doses, can precipitate extrapyramidal symptoms in children.
  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for antibiotic-induced EPS.
  • Prompt recognition and management of ADRs are crucial for pediatric patient safety and therapeutic success.
Keywords:
Drug-inducedLevofloxacinOromandibular dystonia Pediatric

More Related Videos

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

7.3K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

2.6K

Related Concept Videos

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
351
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
666
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
479
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
165
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
404
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
269