Burden and Predictors of Depression in Populations With Coronary Heart Disease
Emmanuel O Ilori1, Chinaza Erechukwu2, Vivien O Obitulata-Ugwu3
1Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Garnet Health Medical Center, Middletown, USA.
Insights
Over half of adults aged 40+ with coronary heart disease (CHD) experience depression. Key predictors include diabetes, hypertension, and socioeconomic factors, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for depression in CHD patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Psychiatry
- Public Health
Background:
- Depression is a significant comorbidity in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), affecting quality of life and medical care.
- Prevalence rates of major depression in CHD patients range from 17-44%, with up to 27% experiencing post-procedural depression after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the burden of depression in adults aged 40 years and above diagnosed with CHD.
- To identify predictors of depression and severe depression within this specific patient population.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey.
- Included adults aged 40 years and above with a diagnosis of CHD.
- Employed chi-square, logistic, and ordinal regression analyses to determine depression predictors.
Main Results:
- 50.5% of adults aged 40+ with CHD reported depression.
- Positive predictors for depression included insurance, college education, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.
- Negative predictors for depression were older age (≥65), male sex, and higher family income.
- Diabetes mellitus and current cigarette use predicted severe depression.
Conclusions:
- A substantial proportion of adults aged 40+ with CHD experience depression.
- Socioeconomic and cardiovascular risk factors are strongly associated with increased depression likelihood.
- Cardiovascular risk factors independently predict the severity of depression, indicating a need for targeted interventions.
Introduction:
Depression significantly impacts the quality of life and medical care in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study assesses the burden of depression in adults aged 40 years and above with CHD and evaluates predictors of depression in this population. It has been reported that approximately 17-44% of persons with CHD have a major depression diagnosis and that nearly 27% of individuals undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operation suffer depression following the procedure. Methods: Data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey was used. The sample was made up of adults 40 years and above with CHD. A chi-square analysis was used to identify differences between those who were depressed and those who were not. Logistic and ordinal regression analyses were used to identify predictors of depression and severe depression, respectively.
Results:
The proportion of adults 40 years and above with CHD who reported having depression was 863/1700 (50.5%). Among those who were ≥65, the proportion of those who reported depression and those who did not were similar (49.3% vs. 50.7%). Most women reported having depression (57.4% vs. 42.6%), while fewer men reported having depression (46.3% vs. 53.7%). The positive predictors of depression include being insured (odds ratio (OR) 1.26 (1.05-1.53), p = 0.016), college degree (OR 1.09 (1.01-1.18), p = 0.040), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.28 (1.15-1.42), p < 0.001), and hypertension (OR 1.34 (1.24-1.44), p < 0.001). The negative predictors of being depressed were age ≥65 (OR 0.74 (0.69-0.80), p < 0.001), male sex (OR 0.54 (0.50-0.58), p < 0.001), and ratio of family income (RFI) ≥1 (OR 0.68 (0.61-0.77), p < 0.001). The positive predictors of severe depression include diabetes mellitus (OR 1.38 (1.06-1.81), p = 0.019) and current cigarette use (OR 2.10 (1.44-3.07), p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
A significant proportion of adults 40 years and above with CHD have depression, and socioeconomic and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a high likelihood of depression. Cardiovascular risk factors alone predict the likelihood of severe depression. Interventions to address depression in CHD should target specifically these high-risk individuals.
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