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Bronchiolitis: Increased severity in the post-COVID-19 era

Victorine Boccard1,2, Blandine Prevost1,2, Sophie Denamur1,2

  • 1Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares RespiRare, Paris, France.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|July 11, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Post-COVID, infant bronchiolitis cases show increased severity and higher Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) rates. Preventive measures like nirsevimab are vital for reducing the impact of this respiratory illness.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant hospitalizations globally.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic impacted bronchiolitis hospitalization rates and disease severity.
  • Understanding post-pandemic trends is crucial for managing infant respiratory illnesses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the severity of acute bronchiolitis before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To analyze changes in the epidemiology of viral agents causing bronchiolitis.
  • To assess the impact of the pandemic on infant hospitalizations for bronchiolitis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records for infants under 12 months hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis.
  • Data collected over a 5-year period: 2 years pre-COVID, 1 COVID year, and 2 post-COVID years.
  • Standardized forms used for collecting clinical and laboratory data.

Main Results:

  • Hospital admissions for bronchiolitis decreased during the COVID year but returned to pre-COVID rates post-pandemic.
  • Post-COVID, bronchiolitis cases showed increased severity, longer hospital stays, and higher oxygen therapy needs.
  • A significant surge in Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections was observed post-COVID, with RSV-positive patients being younger and more severely ill.

Conclusions:

  • Bronchiolitis severity and RSV prevalence significantly increased following the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Preventive strategies, including nirsevimab, are essential to mitigate the burden of respiratory infections in infants.
  • Ongoing research and vigilance are necessary to address evolving bronchiolitis challenges.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID‐19RSVacute bronchiolitisacute lower respiratory infectioninfant

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