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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Published on: April 10, 2018

Single-Atom Catalysts through Pressure-Controlled Metal Diffusion.

Samir H Al-Hilfi^1,2, Xikai Jiang³, Julian Heuer²

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|July 11, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed pressure-controlled metal diffusion to create ultra-high-density single-atom catalysts (SACs). Lowering pressure significantly reduces atom aggregation, leading to much higher single-atom loadings for advanced catalysis.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Nanotechnology

Background:

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high efficiency but face challenges with atom aggregation during synthesis.
Controlling metal atom diffusion and stabilization during pyrolysis is crucial for high-density SACs.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce pressure-controlled metal diffusion as a novel strategy for fabricating ultra-high-density SACs.
To investigate the mechanism behind reduced aggregation under reduced pressure.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of SACs using pressure-controlled metal diffusion.
Molecular dynamics (MD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.
Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for active site density validation.
Demonstration of Ullmann-type C-O coupling reactions.

Main Results:

Reduced pressure significantly inhibited atom aggregation, achieving nearly three times higher single-atom loadings.
Simulations revealed a metal hopping mechanism enhanced by increased metal-ligand binding probability.
The approach demonstrated robust active site density and catalytic activity in ORR.
Successful application in Ullmann-type C-O coupling reactions catalyzed by single Cu sites.

Conclusions:

Pressure-controlled metal diffusion is an effective method for producing ultra-high-density SACs.
This technique enhances metal atom distribution and catalytic performance.
The developed SACs show potential for various efficient heterogeneous catalysis applications.