An Observational Study of Various Risk Factors and Etiological Profile in Patients with Lower Back Pain at Tertiary...

The study aimed to analyze the risk factors and etiological profile of lower back pain (LBP) among patients attending a neurology outpatient department at a tertiary care center.

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, involving 170 patients, aged over 18, presenting with LBP between March and August 2023. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data were collected, and diagnostic investigations, including X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were performed. Patients were categorized into acute and chronic LBP groups for analysis.

Age-acute LBP was more prevalent in younger patients (<35 years), while chronic LBP was predominant in older age-groups (≥55 years). Gender-females showed a higher prevalence of LBP compared to males, with chronic LBP more common among females. Triggering events-heavy weightlifting was a significant trigger for chronic LBP, while coughing/sneezing was common in acute LBP. Occupation-patients with physically exerting jobs were more prone to acute LBP, while chronic LBP was prevalent among homemakers and those with no work. Body mass index (BMI)-obesity and overweight were associated with chronic LBP. Medication-chronic LBP patients were more likely to be on medication compared to acute LBP patients. MRI findings-prolapsed intervertebral disk (PIVD) was the most prevalent etiology, more common in chronic LBP patients. Other etiologies included vertebral fracture, tumor, tuberculosis, and various spinal conditions.

Lower back pain is a multifaceted condition influenced by age, gender, BMI, and lifestyle factors. Effective management and prevention strategies should consider these risk factors to improve patients' quality of life. A comprehensive approach is essential to address the complex etiology of LBP.