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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

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Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
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One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

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This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
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One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion01:09

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Intravenous (IV) infusion is often utilized when continuous and controlled drug delivery is necessary, such as during surgery or in the treatment of chronic diseases. This method offers numerous advantages, including immediate drug action, precise control over dosage, and bypassing the first-pass metabolism.
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

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A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
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Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

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Intravenous Ketamine for Cancer Pain: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis Comparing Fixed-Rate Versus Weight-Based

Leslie Siegel1, Kyle Quirk1, Gary Houchard1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy
|July 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fixed-rate intravenous ketamine may be as effective as weight-based dosing for cancer pain. This study found no significant difference in success rates between the two dosing strategies for cancer pain management.

Keywords:
Ketaminecancerfixed-rate dosepainweight-based dose

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Subanesthetic ketamine shows promise for cancer pain, but standardized dosing is lacking.
  • Optimal dosing strategies for intravenous ketamine in cancer pain remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the success rates of fixed-rate versus weight-based ketamine dosing for cancer pain.
  • To identify patient characteristics associated with successful ketamine treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 105 non-critically ill adult cancer patients receiving ketamine for at least 24 hours.
  • Success defined as a 30% reduction in pain score, opioid use, or daily opioid dose.
  • Weight-based doses were retrospectively calculated.

Main Results:

  • 48.6% of patients responded to ketamine treatment.
  • No significant difference in success rates between fixed-rate and weight-based ketamine dosing.
  • Responders had higher baseline daily opioid requirements.

Conclusions:

  • Weight-based ketamine dosing may not offer additional benefits over fixed-rate dosing for cancer pain.
  • Further research is needed to establish optimal ketamine dosing protocols in oncology.