Biogenically synthesized porous TiO₂ nanostructures for advanced anti-bacterial, electrochemical, and photocatalytic...

This study develops environmentally benign capping technique to synthesize nanoparticles of Curcuma longa-coated titanium dioxide (CR-TiO₂) from titanium isopropoxide by utilizing the extract of Rosa rubiginosa flowers as reducing and chelating agent. The biogenically synthesized nanoparticles revealed excellent anti-bacterial, electrochemical, and photocatalytic properties due to the presence of porous TiO₂ nanostructures. The sharp peaks by XRD pattern showed the crystallinity and phase purity of TiO₂ nanoparticles. BET analysis proved mesoporous nature of the materials with specific surface area of 134 m² g ^-1. The vibrational spectra suggest hydroxyl groups from flavonoids of Curcuma longa acting as functionalizing agent for TiO₂ nanoporous structures with visible luminescence, which is proven in fluorescence spectra and is applicable for photocatalytic studies. The anti-bacterial studies showed good inference on TiO₂ nanoparticles against Pseudomonas auruginosa and proved it to be an excellent antipseudomonal agent with the oxidative potential. The maximum degradation of phenol red dye in the presence of TiO₂ under visible light conditions was observed. The supercapacitor fabricated using the biogenic TiO₂ three-electrode system exhibited a specific capacitance of 128 Fg^-1 (10 mV s^-1), suggesting it as an excellent electrode material. The LSV curve at 50 mV s^-1 scan rate showed that oxygen reduction potential (ORR) of CR-TiO₂ electrodes was 121 mV. The present study is a new application of nanoparticles in sustainability consideration of the environment as well as a solution to the power crisis with fewer limitations. The well-distinguished antidiabetic and BSA denaturation potential suggests that these porous TiO₂ nanostructures can be useful for drug delivery as glucose inhibitors and oral anti-inflammatory drugs with the restriction of adverse side effects.