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Investigating a novel population health management system to increase access to healthcare for children: a nested
Elizabeth Cecil1, Julia Forman2, James Newham3
1Department of Women's and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK lizzie.cecil@kcl.ac.uk.
Insights
The Children and Young People's Health Partnership (CYPHP) model improves healthcare access for children with unmet needs. While engagement barriers exist for deprived and ethnic minority children, the model successfully increases their access to care once engaged.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Health
- Health Services Research
- Population Health Management
Background:
- Healthcare access and outcomes show significant inequalities.
- Early intervention is crucial for addressing unmet health needs in children.
- The Children and Young People's Health Partnership (CYPHP) model aims to proactively identify and support children with specific health conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of the CYPHP model in improving equitable access to care.
- To understand how population health management methods impact healthcare engagement and service delivery for children.
- To identify disparities in engagement and care access based on socioeconomic status and ethnicity.
Main Methods:
- Utilized linked primary care and CYPHP service records for children under 16.
- Applied population health management techniques to identify children with tracer conditions (asthma, eczema, constipation).
- Employed multilevel logistic regression with multiple imputation to analyze the association of deprivation and ethnicity with engagement and care receipt.
Main Results:
- Children from most deprived areas had 26% lower odds of engagement; ethnic minority children (Asian, Black) had 31% lower odds compared to white children.
- Once engaged, Black children had 43% higher odds of receiving care compared to white children.
- Children from most deprived areas had 50% higher odds of receiving care compared to least deprived areas.
Conclusions:
- Population health management effectively identifies unmet needs and increases care access for high-need children.
- Engagement remains a challenge for children from deprived and ethnic minority backgrounds.
- System strengthening is necessary to improve engagement and achieve proportionate universalism in healthcare access.
Background:
Early intervention for unmet needs is essential to improve health. Clear inequalities in healthcare use and outcomes exist. The Children and Young People's Health Partnership (CYPHP) model of care uses population health management methods to (1) identify and proactively reach children with asthma, eczema and constipation (tracer conditions); (2) engage these families, with CYPHP, by sending invitations to complete an online biopsychosocial Healthcheck Questionnaire; and (3) offer early intervention care to those children found to have unmet health needs. We aimed to understand this model's effectiveness to improve equitable access to care.
Methods:
We used primary care and CYPHP service-linked records and applied the same methods as the CYPHP's population health management process to identify children aged <16 years with a tracer condition between 1 April 2018 and 30 August 2020, those who engaged by completing a Healthcheck and those who received early intervention care. We applied multiple imputation with multilevel logistic regression, clustered by general practitioner (GP) practice, to investigate the association of deprivation and ethnicity, with children's engagement and receiving care.
Results:
Among 129 412 children, registered with 70 GP practices, 15% (19 773) had a tracer condition and 24% (4719) engaged with CYPHP's population health management system. Children in the most deprived, compared with least deprived communities, had 26% lower odds of engagement (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87). Children of Asian or black ethnicity had 31% lower odds of engaging, compared with white children (0.69 (0.59 to 0.81) and 0.69 (0.62 to 0.76), respectively). However, once engaged with the population health management system, black children had 43% higher odds of receiving care, compared with white children (1.43 (1.15 to 1.78)), and children from the most compared with least deprived communities had 50% higher odds of receiving care (1.50 (1.01 to 2.22)).
Conclusion:
Detection of unmet needs is possible using population health management methods and increases access to care for children from priority populations with the highest needs. Further health system strengthening is needed to improve engagement and enhance proportionate universalist access to healthcare.
Trial Registration Number:
ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03461848).
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