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Diabetic Heart Disease: An Intricate Interplay of a Widespread Metabolic Disorder with the Cardiovascular System

A S Kamakshi Shriya1, Vaishnavi B Pawar1, Acsah Annie Paul1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.

Current Diabetes Reviews
|July 12, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Diabetes affects millions globally, increasing heart disease risk. This review examines hypoglycaemic drugs, differentiating between cardiotoxic and cardioprotective agents for diabetes management.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic, impacting over 422 million people, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries.
  • High blood glucose levels in diabetes lead to long-term damage in vital organs, contributing to 1.5 million annual deaths.
  • Diabetic patients face an elevated risk of cardiovascular conditions, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, and heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on diabetic heart disease.
  • To analyze the effects of various hypoglycaemic agents on cardiac health in diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing data on diabetes, heart disease, and hypoglycaemic agents.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the cardiovascular effects of different classes of hypoglycaemic medications.

Main Results:

  • Some hypoglycaemic agents, while managing blood glucose, exhibit cardiotoxicity.
  • Other hypoglycaemic drugs offer cardioprotective benefits beyond glycaemic control.
  • The incidence of diabetic heart disease is increasing worldwide.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the dual effects of hypoglycaemic agents is crucial for managing diabetic cardiovascular complications.
  • Further research into cardioprotective hypoglycaemic therapies is warranted to mitigate mortality and morbidity in diabetic populations.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus (DM)cardiovascular disease (CVD).coronary artery disease (CAD)diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)diabetic heart disease (DHD)heart failure (HF)hyperglycaemiahypoglycaemic agents

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