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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Bath-Engineering Magnetic Order in Quantum Spin Chains: An Analytic Mapping Approach.

Brett Min1, Nicholas Anto-Sztrikacs1, Marlon Brenes1

  • 1Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, <a href="https://ror.org/03dbr7087">University of Toronto</a>, 60 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|July 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Controlling quantum spin systems with baths enables new magnetic orders. This research introduces a nonperturbative analytic method to engineer magnetic properties by tuning bath interactions, revealing novel ferromagnetic behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Dissipative processes are known to influence magnetic orders in quantum systems.
  • Understanding the precise mechanisms of bath-system interactions is crucial for controlling quantum magnetism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a systematic, nonperturbative analytic framework for structuring magnetic orders in quantum spin systems.
  • To investigate how controlling the locality of attached baths impacts spin system properties.
  • To reveal the analytical impact of spin-bath couplings on magnetic interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a nonperturbative analytic mapping framework.
  • Systematic analysis of spin-bath couplings and their effects.
  • Application of the method to Heisenberg and Ising spin chain models.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated suppression of spin splittings and bath dressing effects.
  • Revealed emergence of nonlocal ferromagnetic interactions, becoming long-ranged for global baths.
  • Showcased bath-induced transitions from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic ordering in a Heisenberg chain.
  • Observed transitions to extended Neel phase ordering in a transverse-field Ising chain.
  • Identified a quantum phase transition in the fully connected Ising model.

Conclusions:

  • The developed mapping method provides analytical insight into bath-engineered magnetic phases.
  • The approach is nonperturbative, applicable to non-Markovian baths, and versatile for various spin models.
  • This framework can be extended to study frustrated or topological materials and engineer novel quantum phases.