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Astrophysical Equation-of-State Constraints on the Color-Superconducting Gap.
Aleksi Kurkela1, Krishna Rajagopal2,3, Rachel Steinhorst2
1Faculty of Science and Technology, <a href="https://ror.org/02qte9q33">University of Stavanger</a>, 4036 Stavanger, Norway.
Physical Review Letters
|July 12, 2024
Summary
Astrophysical data limits the color-superconducting gap in quark matter. This finding impacts our understanding of dense matter and the equation of state for neutron stars.
Area of Science:
- Nuclear Physics
- Astrophysics
- Quantum Chromodynamics
Background:
- Dense matter transitions from nuclear to quark matter at high densities.
- Color-superconducting phases are predicted in quark matter.
- Astrophysical observations of neutron stars provide constraints on dense matter.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish an upper bound on the color-superconducting gap in dense matter.
- To investigate the influence of pairing effects on the equation of state.
- To reconcile theoretical models with astrophysical data.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing astrophysical constraints on the dense-matter equation of state.
- Employing extensions of chiral effective field theory.
- Incorporating observational data from neutron star properties (radius, mass, tidal deformability) and gravitational waves.
Main Results:
- Astrophysical constraints impose an upper limit on the color-superconducting gap.
- Pairing effects in color-flavor locked quark matter can increase pressure, potentially conflicting with causality and stability.
- A 95% upper limit on the color-flavor locked pairing gap (Δ) was found to be 457 MeV (conservative) and 216 MeV (reasonable) at μ=2.6 GeV.
Conclusions:
- The study provides crucial bounds on the color-superconducting gap, informed by astrophysical observations.
- Future astrophysical measurements and QCD calculations can further refine these constraints.
- This work connects fundamental physics of dense matter with observable cosmic phenomena.
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