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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion
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The complement system as a target in cancer immunotherapy.

Nicolas S Merle1, Lubka T Roumenina1

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European Journal of Immunology
|July 12, 2024
PubMed
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The complement system has a dual role in cancer, sometimes fighting tumors and other times promoting inflammation and growth. Personalized therapies targeting complement are needed due to its complex, context-dependent effects in cancer.

Keywords:
CancerComplement systemComplement therapeuticsImmunotherapyIntracellular complement

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment involves complex interactions between malignant cells, host cells, and soluble mediators like complement.
  • The complement system plays a dual role in cancer, exhibiting both anti-tumor (opsonophagocytosis, cytotoxicity) and pro-tumor (inflammation via C5a/C5aR1 axis) effects.
  • Complement gene co-expression patterns vary across cancer types, influencing patient prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of complement components in diverse cancer types and patient cohorts.
  • To highlight the context-dependent nature of complement's impact on cancer, emphasizing that "one size does not fit all".
  • To summarize current clinical trials targeting complement in cancer and advocate for tailored therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating complement system involvement in cancer.
  • Analysis of complement gene co-expression patterns and their correlation with prognosis.
  • Summary of ongoing clinical trials for complement-targeted cancer therapies.

Main Results:

  • Complement exhibits both anti-tumor and pro-tumor functions, influenced by factors like the C5a/C5aR1 axis and T-cell responses.
  • Distinct complement gene expression patterns are associated with varying prognoses across different cancers.
  • Intra-patient heterogeneity and the role of locally produced/intracellular complement add complexity to tumor microenvironment dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The role of complement in cancer is highly context-dependent, varying significantly between cancer types and individual patients.
  • Tailored therapeutic approaches are essential for effective complement-targeted cancer therapies.
  • Understanding the mechanistic basis of complement's role will facilitate personalized cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes.