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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

36.3K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
18.8K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

3.2K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
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Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

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From complete genomes to pangenomes.

Karen H Miga1

  • 1Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

American Journal of Human Genetics
|July 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This collection celebrates 75 years of human genetics and genomics advancements. It features insights from the Distinguished Speakers Symposium at the ASHG 2023 Annual Meeting, highlighting the field's future.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) was founded in 1948.
  • The field of human genetics and genomics has seen significant progress over 75 years.
  • The ASHG 2023 Annual Meeting convened to discuss the future of the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To capture and disseminate key insights from the Distinguished Speakers Symposium.
  • To reflect on the historical achievements in human genetics and genomics.
  • To outline future directions and challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Articles are based on presentations from the ASHG 2023 Distinguished Speakers Symposium.
  • Content reflects discussions on the past, present, and future of human genetics and genomics.
  • Expert perspectives were gathered during the annual meeting.

Main Results:

  • The collection showcases the evolution and future trajectory of human genetics and genomics.
  • Keynote presentations highlighted major scientific breakthroughs and their impact.
  • Discussions emphasized the interdisciplinary nature of modern genetic research.

Conclusions:

  • The field of human genetics and genomics is rapidly advancing.
  • Continued innovation is expected to drive future discoveries and applications.
  • ASHG remains a pivotal organization in guiding the field's progress.