Effects of negative ions on equilibrium solar plasmas in the fabric of gravito-electrostatic sheath model

The gravito-electrostatic sheath (GES) model, exploring the solar wind plasma (SWP) origin from the solar interior plasma (SIP) via the solar surface boundary (SSB), is revaluated by including realistic negative ionic species. A constructive numerical analysis of the structuring equations shows that the SIP volume shrinks with an increase in the negative ion concentration. This shrinking nature is independent of ion mass and plasma temperature. The electric potential is insensitive to the negative ion concentration, mass, and plasma temperature. The solar plasma flow dynamics is studied with the Mach number and current density profiles. The sonic transition of the SWP depends on the T_i/T_e-ratio. The current density responds to the negative ion density and T_i/T_e^-ratio in both the SIP and SWP. A deviation from the local quasi-neutrality state is observed in the SIP. The GES model equations result in a modified GES-Bohm sheath criterion in a well justifiable and validated form. The obtained results are then compared with the various observed outcomes and previous GES-based predictions. The relevance of this multi-parametric solar plasma analysis is lastly emphasized on the basis of the current solar research progressions.