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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
Fluorescence Recognition of Hydrazine Driven by Neighboring Group Participation
Wenzhi Xu1, Xue Li2, Shuo Wang2
1Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China. xuwenzhi@hbu.edu.cn.
Abstract:
Hydrazine (N2H4) has toxic effects on the environment. Although a variety of reactive probes have been used to identify hydrazine, practical applications required continuous development of hydrazine fluorescent probes with improved performance. Here, we applied the neighboring group participation (NGP) to the design of a fluorescent probe for hydrazine. The probe exhibited a rapid response to N2H4 and strong anti-interference ability, with detection limited to 0.031 μmol/L. Theoretical calculation showed that the energy barrier could be reduced by NGP. The cyclic intermediate formed by the indole ring and the α-ester carbonyl group significantly reduced the activation energy of the reaction. Practically, the probe could detect hydrazine in actual water samples.
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